E.S. v. Spain

Asylum

(Application no. 13273/16), 16 January 2017

Find here the communicated case in French.

Find here the decision in French and Spanish.

• The applicant feared that, owing to his homosexuality, his return to Senegal would expose him to a real risk of treatment contrary to Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention.
• ILGA-Europe together with the AIRE Centre, ECRE, HDT and the ICJ  submitted the following:
  • Mental harm resulting from fear of exposure to physical harm has been found by the ECtHR to constitute cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. According to refugee law, in some cases psychological harm is persecutory. Concealment is probative of a subjective fear of persecution and constitutes evidence of the objective well-foundedness of a subjective fear of persecution. Requiring coerced concealment of someone’s same-sex sexual orientation – as a way, purportedly, to mitigate the real risk of their being exposed to Article 3 prohibited treatment – constitutes arbitrary refoulement and thus violates Article 3.
  • The criminalization of consensual same-sex sexual relations in Senegal fosters a climate of state-sanctioned homophobia, resulting in abuse, discrimination and violence by state and non-state actors. It enables, encourages and contributes to the persecutory environment that exists in Senegal and exposes LGBT individuals to real risks of persecutory harm.